China’s 13th Five-Year Plan pointed out that the central government should support mining enterprises to upgrade technologies, guide the merger and acquisition (M&A) of small mines, and close outdated and environmentally unfriendly mines. In the Development Plan for the Nonferrous Metals Industry (2016-2020), the Ministry of Industry and Information...

Independent guarantee is a financial guarantee instrument that is often used to assure rapid realization of the creditor’s right. When the guarantor reviews the documents presented by the beneficiary, if the documents are totally consistent with the provisions of the guarantee and superficially consistent with one another, the guarantor...